Detroit Police Vehicle Auction DPD Grand River Lot 08-22-2023 10:00 AM
Detroit Police Department is holding an Vehicle Auction @DPD Grand River 10750 Grand River, Detroit @ 10:00 am
All are Welcome
- All Major Credit Cards accepted
- Debit Cards with the Visa or Master Card logo accepted
- DPD RESERVES THE RIGHT TO REFUSE ANY BID
- Bids over $2500.00 requires a license for the deposit
- Successful bidder must have a valid Driverโs License
- Successful bidder must have money on hand
- Vehicles re-keyed at bidder expense
- Successful bidder is responsible for the removal of vehicle by 3:00 pm of the day of the auction, or storage fees will be applied.
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Please Read!!
Prior to the date of the auction, any person that has or has had a contract with the City of Detroit is required to sign an affidavit stating that you have had no involvement with, connection or foreknowledge of the vehicle you intend to purchase.
LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL ARE NOT PERMITTED TO BID ON ANY VEHICLE THEY THEMSELVES HAVE SEIZED, THEIR COMMAND HAS SEIZED, OR THAT THEY HAVE HAD ANY INVOLVEMENT IN, CONNECTION WITH OR FOREKNOWLEDGE OF.
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1FMSK8DHXLGC88487
2020 FORD Explorer
2.3L Gasoline Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line TIVCT
-
1FM5K8GC3LGB50139
2020 FORD Explorer
3.0L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) GTDI Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
Turbo โ -
5XXGT4L38LG436438
2020 KIA Optima
2.4L Gasoline GDI KMC 4 Cylinder
-
2C3CDXGJ9KH603055
2019 DODGE Charger
6.4L Gasoline FCA 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
2C3CCAGG6JH296527
2018 CHRYSLER 300
3.6L Gasoline FCA 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
KM8J23A4XJU758189
2018 HYUNDAI Tucson
2L Gasoline GDI Nu HMC 4 Cylinder
-
2C4RC1EG5HR520187
2017 CHRYSLER Pacifica
3.6L Gasoline FCA 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
5NPE34AB7HH515144
2017 HYUNDAI Sonata
2L Gasoline HMC 4 Cylinder THETA-II, T-GDI
-
3KPFK4A75HE113548
2017 KIA Forte
2.0L Gasoline MPI Nu KMC 4 Cylinder
-
KNDJP3A57G7373016
2016 KIA Soul
2.0L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC GDI Nu 4 Cylinder
-
1G11C5SL5FF329761
2015 CHEVROLET Malibu
2.5L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) LKW 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line Book Code: 0G. VVT.
-
1C3CCCBB4FN750036
2015 CHRYSLER 200
2.4L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Sales Code: ED3,ED6,ED7,ED8,EDD,EDE
-
5NPE34AF4FH020920
2015 HYUNDAI Sonata
2.4L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC GDI THETA-II
-
1C4RJFAG8FC697122
2015 JEEP Grand Cherokee
3.6L Gasoline 6 Cylinder Sales Code: ERB
-
KNAGM4A73F5617519
2015 KIA Optima
2.4L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC GDI Theta II
-
2C3CCAAG9EH107206
2014 CHRYSLER 300
3.6L Gasoline 6 Cylinder
-
1FM5K7B82EGB20341
2014 FORD Explorer
3.5L Gasoline Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Ti-VCT
-
3FA6P0LU6ER396470
2014 FORD Fusion
2.0L Gasoline Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line 4V ATK HEV
-
5NPEB4AC0EH842539
2014 HYUNDAI Sonata
1.6L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) GAMMA
-
JN1BV7AP7EM671697
2014 INFINITI Q50
3.7L Gasoline
-
1N4AL3AP2EC297633
2014 NISSAN Altima
2.5L Gasoline
-
3FA6P0H92DR317170
2013 FORD Fusion
2.0L Gasoline Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line
-
3FA6P0HRXDR183962
2013 FORD Fusion
1.6L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line
-
KMHD35LE6DU146538
2013 HYUNDAI Elantra
1.8L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) DOHC MPI NU
-
1C4NJDBB0DD129587
2013 JEEP Compass
2.4L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Sales Code: ED3,EDG,EDZ,ED7
-
5XXGM4A76DG196083
2013 KIA Optima
2.4L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC GDI Theta II
Turbo โ -
1N4AL3AP6DC103748
2013 NISSAN Altima
2.5L Gasoline 4 Cylinder
-
1G1ZD5E04CF213660
2012 CHEVROLET Malibu
2.4L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) LE5 GM 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line
-
3C4PDCBG6CT204906
2012 DODGE Journey
3.6L Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) Chrysler 6 Cylinder Gas/Flex Fuel(50-St.)
-
1B3CB3HAXBD120777
2011 DODGE Caliber
2.0L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Sales Code for Engine - ECN,ECP. Sales Code for CNG Non-Turbo Engine - ECQ
-
1FMCU0D77BKA53919
2011 FORD Escape
2.5L Gasoline Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line Displacement is 2.5L 4V.
-
KNAGM4A73B5092925
2011 KIA Optima
2.4L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC T-GDI THETA-II
Turbo โ -
4P5C52021B2156752
2011 PJ PJ
-
6G2EC57Y69L164992
2009 PONTIAC G8
6L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) L76 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Y coded twice in 8th position. LD8: 4.6L, V8, MFI
-
2G1WT58K489223303
2008 CHEVROLET Impala
3.5L Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) LZE GM 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
2C3LA53G18H282256
2008 CHRYSLER 300
3.5L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Engine Info: 24V High Output Sales Code: EGG
-
1C3LC56K18N196611
2008 CHRYSLER Sebring
2.4L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line Engine Info: 16V Dual VVT Sales Code: ED3
-
2FMDK36CX8BB20621
2008 FORD Edge
3.5L Gasoline 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Duratec
-
1GYFK66887R200368
2007 CADILLAC Escalade
6.2L Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) L92 GM 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped HO, Active Fuel MGT
-
1GNDT13S672161275
2007 CHEVROLET Trailblazer
4.2L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) LL8 GM 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line MFI, DOHC, Aluminium
-
1B3HB48B47D347880
2007 DODGE Caliber
2.0L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line Engine Info: 16V DOHC Dual VVT Sales Code: ECN
-
1FTNE24L67DB07502
2007 FORD E-250
5.4L Gasoline 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped EFI
-
1FMEU63E97UB71638
2007 FORD Explorer
4.0L Gasoline 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
1GKFK66827J183379
2007 GMC Yukon XL
6.2L Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) L92 GM 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped HO, Active Fuel MGT
-
1G8ZV57747F246415
2007 SATURN Aura
3.6L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) LY7 GM 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
1G8ZS57N07F241722
2007 SATURN Aura
3.5L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) LZ4 GM 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
2GCEK19B361262795
2006 CHEVROLET Silverado
5.3L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) L33 GM 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped HO
-
1FTPW14596KD13845
2006 FORD F-150
5.4L Gasoline 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
1FAHP34N16W249988
2006 FORD Focus
2.0L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line
-
1HGFA16546L038484
2006 HONDA Civic
1.802577040L Gasoline R18A1 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line
-
1GNEC13V55R273343
2005 CHEVROLET Tahoe
4.8L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) LR4 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Iron
-
1FAFP34N45W172507
2005 FORD Focus
2.0L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line PZEV or ZETEC Engine
-
3G5DB03E14S518191
2004 BUICK Rendezvous
3.4L Gasoline LA1 FLT 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
1B4GP44GXYB803064
2000 DODGE Caravan/Grand Caravan
3.3L Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
1FTYR10V6XPB74327
1999 FORD Ranger
3.0L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped SEFI: Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection - FFV: Flexible Fuel Vehicle
-
1FTYR14V1XPA69205
1999 FORD Ranger
3.0L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped SEFI: Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection - FFV: Flexible Fuel Vehicle
-
2HGEJ6618XH527667
1999 HONDA Civic
1.589545208L Gasoline D16Y7 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line
-
1FALP4043RF197944
1994 FORD Mustang
3.8L Gasoline Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped EFI: Electronic Fuel Injection
-
1FTEF14N2PLA05354
1993 FORD F-150
5L Gasoline Ford 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Fuel Injection Type: Electronic Fuel Injection
-
1B3XC46R7LD890613
1990 DODGE Dynasty
3.3L Gasoline 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Electronic fuel injection
-
1GCJP32JXJ3303486
1988 CHEVROLET P - Series
6.2L Diesel CPC 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
1G3GK4798GP367265
1986 OLDSMOBILE Cutlass Salon
5L Gasoline 4 BBL 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
-
1GBKP37W1F3301517
1985 CHEVROLET P - Series
7.4L Gasoline 4BBL Chevrolet 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped
| # | VIN | Year | Make | Model | Engine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1FMSK8DHXLGC88487 | 2020 | FORD | Explorer | 2.3L Gasoline Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line TIVCT |
| 2 | 1FM5K8GC3LGB50139 | 2020 | FORD | Explorer |
3.0L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) GTDI Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Turbo โ |
| 3 | 5XXGT4L38LG436438 | 2020 | KIA | Optima | 2.4L Gasoline GDI KMC 4 Cylinder |
| 4 | 2C3CDXGJ9KH603055 | 2019 | DODGE | Charger | 6.4L Gasoline FCA 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 5 | 2C3CCAGG6JH296527 | 2018 | CHRYSLER | 300 | 3.6L Gasoline FCA 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 6 | KM8J23A4XJU758189 | 2018 | HYUNDAI | Tucson | 2L Gasoline GDI Nu HMC 4 Cylinder |
| 7 | 2C4RC1EG5HR520187 | 2017 | CHRYSLER | Pacifica | 3.6L Gasoline FCA 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 8 | 5NPE34AB7HH515144 | 2017 | HYUNDAI | Sonata | 2L Gasoline HMC 4 Cylinder THETA-II, T-GDI |
| 9 | 3KPFK4A75HE113548 | 2017 | KIA | Forte | 2.0L Gasoline MPI Nu KMC 4 Cylinder |
| 10 | KNDJP3A57G7373016 | 2016 | KIA | Soul | 2.0L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC GDI Nu 4 Cylinder |
| 11 | 1G11C5SL5FF329761 | 2015 | CHEVROLET | Malibu | 2.5L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) LKW 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line Book Code: 0G. VVT. |
| 12 | 1C3CCCBB4FN750036 | 2015 | CHRYSLER | 200 | 2.4L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Sales Code: ED3,ED6,ED7,ED8,EDD,EDE |
| 13 | 5NPE34AF4FH020920 | 2015 | HYUNDAI | Sonata | 2.4L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC GDI THETA-II |
| 14 | 1C4RJFAG8FC697122 | 2015 | JEEP | Grand Cherokee | 3.6L Gasoline 6 Cylinder Sales Code: ERB |
| 15 | KNAGM4A73F5617519 | 2015 | KIA | Optima | 2.4L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC GDI Theta II |
| 16 | 2C3CCAAG9EH107206 | 2014 | CHRYSLER | 300 | 3.6L Gasoline 6 Cylinder |
| 17 | 1FM5K7B82EGB20341 | 2014 | FORD | Explorer | 3.5L Gasoline Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Ti-VCT |
| 18 | 3FA6P0LU6ER396470 | 2014 | FORD | Fusion | 2.0L Gasoline Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line 4V ATK HEV |
| 19 | 5NPEB4AC0EH842539 | 2014 | HYUNDAI | Sonata | 1.6L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) GAMMA |
| 20 | JN1BV7AP7EM671697 | 2014 | INFINITI | Q50 | 3.7L Gasoline |
| 21 | 1N4AL3AP2EC297633 | 2014 | NISSAN | Altima | 2.5L Gasoline |
| 22 | 3FA6P0H92DR317170 | 2013 | FORD | Fusion | 2.0L Gasoline Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line |
| 23 | 3FA6P0HRXDR183962 | 2013 | FORD | Fusion | 1.6L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line |
| 24 | KMHD35LE6DU146538 | 2013 | HYUNDAI | Elantra | 1.8L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) DOHC MPI NU |
| 25 | 1C4NJDBB0DD129587 | 2013 | JEEP | Compass | 2.4L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Sales Code: ED3,EDG,EDZ,ED7 |
| 26 | 5XXGM4A76DG196083 | 2013 | KIA | Optima |
2.4L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC GDI Theta II Turbo โ |
| 27 | 1N4AL3AP6DC103748 | 2013 | NISSAN | Altima | 2.5L Gasoline 4 Cylinder |
| 28 | 1G1ZD5E04CF213660 | 2012 | CHEVROLET | Malibu | 2.4L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) LE5 GM 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line |
| 29 | 3C4PDCBG6CT204906 | 2012 | DODGE | Journey | 3.6L Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) Chrysler 6 Cylinder Gas/Flex Fuel(50-St.) |
| 30 | 1B3CB3HAXBD120777 | 2011 | DODGE | Caliber | 2.0L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Sales Code for Engine - ECN,ECP. Sales Code for CNG Non-Turbo Engine - ECQ |
| 31 | 1FMCU0D77BKA53919 | 2011 | FORD | Escape | 2.5L Gasoline Ford 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line Displacement is 2.5L 4V. |
| 32 | KNAGM4A73B5092925 | 2011 | KIA | Optima |
2.4L Gasoline Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) DOHC T-GDI THETA-II Turbo โ |
| 33 | 4P5C52021B2156752 | 2011 | PJ | PJ | - |
| 34 | 6G2EC57Y69L164992 | 2009 | PONTIAC | G8 | 6L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) L76 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Y coded twice in 8th position. LD8: 4.6L, V8, MFI |
| 35 | 2G1WT58K489223303 | 2008 | CHEVROLET | Impala | 3.5L Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) LZE GM 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 36 | 2C3LA53G18H282256 | 2008 | CHRYSLER | 300 | 3.5L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Engine Info: 24V High Output Sales Code: EGG |
| 37 | 1C3LC56K18N196611 | 2008 | CHRYSLER | Sebring | 2.4L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line Engine Info: 16V Dual VVT Sales Code: ED3 |
| 38 | 2FMDK36CX8BB20621 | 2008 | FORD | Edge | 3.5L Gasoline 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Duratec |
| 39 | 1GYFK66887R200368 | 2007 | CADILLAC | Escalade | 6.2L Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) L92 GM 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped HO, Active Fuel MGT |
| 40 | 1GNDT13S672161275 | 2007 | CHEVROLET | Trailblazer | 4.2L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) LL8 GM 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line MFI, DOHC, Aluminium |
| 41 | 1B3HB48B47D347880 | 2007 | DODGE | Caliber | 2.0L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line Engine Info: 16V DOHC Dual VVT Sales Code: ECN |
| 42 | 1FTNE24L67DB07502 | 2007 | FORD | E-250 | 5.4L Gasoline 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped EFI |
| 43 | 1FMEU63E97UB71638 | 2007 | FORD | Explorer | 4.0L Gasoline 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 44 | 1GKFK66827J183379 | 2007 | GMC | Yukon XL | 6.2L Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) L92 GM 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped HO, Active Fuel MGT |
| 45 | 1G8ZV57747F246415 | 2007 | SATURN | Aura | 3.6L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) LY7 GM 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 46 | 1G8ZS57N07F241722 | 2007 | SATURN | Aura | 3.5L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) LZ4 GM 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 47 | 2GCEK19B361262795 | 2006 | CHEVROLET | Silverado | 5.3L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) L33 GM 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped HO |
| 48 | 1FTPW14596KD13845 | 2006 | FORD | F-150 | 5.4L Gasoline 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 49 | 1FAHP34N16W249988 | 2006 | FORD | Focus | 2.0L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line |
| 50 | 1HGFA16546L038484 | 2006 | HONDA | Civic | 1.802577040L Gasoline R18A1 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line |
| 51 | 1GNEC13V55R273343 | 2005 | CHEVROLET | Tahoe | 4.8L Gasoline Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI) LR4 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Iron |
| 52 | 1FAFP34N45W172507 | 2005 | FORD | Focus | 2.0L Gasoline 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line PZEV or ZETEC Engine |
| 53 | 3G5DB03E14S518191 | 2004 | BUICK | Rendezvous | 3.4L Gasoline LA1 FLT 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 54 | 1B4GP44GXYB803064 | 2000 | DODGE | Caravan/Grand Caravan | 3.3L Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 55 | 1FTYR10V6XPB74327 | 1999 | FORD | Ranger | 3.0L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped SEFI: Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection - FFV: Flexible Fuel Vehicle |
| 56 | 1FTYR14V1XPA69205 | 1999 | FORD | Ranger | 3.0L Gasoline Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped SEFI: Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection - FFV: Flexible Fuel Vehicle |
| 57 | 2HGEJ6618XH527667 | 1999 | HONDA | Civic | 1.589545208L Gasoline D16Y7 4 Cylinder Engine Configuration: In-Line |
| 58 | 1FALP4043RF197944 | 1994 | FORD | Mustang | 3.8L Gasoline Ford 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped EFI: Electronic Fuel Injection |
| 59 | 1FTEF14N2PLA05354 | 1993 | FORD | F-150 | 5L Gasoline Ford 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Fuel Injection Type: Electronic Fuel Injection |
| 60 | 1B3XC46R7LD890613 | 1990 | DODGE | Dynasty | 3.3L Gasoline 6 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped Electronic fuel injection |
| 61 | 1GCJP32JXJ3303486 | 1988 | CHEVROLET | P - Series | 6.2L Diesel CPC 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 62 | 1G3GK4798GP367265 | 1986 | OLDSMOBILE | Cutlass Salon | 5L Gasoline 4 BBL 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |
| 63 | 1GBKP37W1F3301517 | 1985 | CHEVROLET | P - Series | 7.4L Gasoline 4BBL Chevrolet 8 Cylinder Engine Configuration: V-Shaped |